Critically speaking, authority for AMDAL review and approval was transferred de facto to Indonesia's 400-plus local governments while the role of the provinces was significantly weakened. The AMDAL System changed with the introduction of regional autonomy laws. The outcomes of the AMDAL Project are not intended to be prescriptive but rather to inform discussion and stimulate comment among key stakeholders. One of the central themes was the need to identify the opportunities afforded by decentralization in improving the efficiency, effectiveness, and impact of AMDAL.
The AMDAL Project, which started in October 2004, focused on the core issue of adapting the existing regulatory regime for EIA in Indonesia to political and administrative decentralization-a process that began with the introduction of far-reaching regional autonomy laws in January 2001. This paper presents the results of the AMDAL Reform and Decentralization Project, an 18-month engagement by the World Bank in support of an Indonesian Govemment initiated review of its EIA systems and procedures. However, until recently, it remained to all intents a centralized system with all policy, regulatory, administrative, and institutional requirements established by the central government. Over the next two decades the system was periodically refined to reflect both institutional changes within Indonesia, and the wider evolution in thinking on EIA that was on-going in other countries. It was officially introduced under the Basic Environmental Law No.4 of 1982 at a time of increasing foreign support and investment, particularly in large-scale and extractive industries.
Analisis Mengenai Dampak Lingkungan (AMDAL) is Indonesia's environmental impact assessment (EIA) system.
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